Zoutkamp was a fishing port up until the 1960s. After the Lauwerszee was closed off, much to the displeasure of the population, the port was moved to Lauwersoog in 1969. A few dozen trawlers and shrimp cutters with the letter code ZK found a new berth there and a new fish auction was built. The betting service was also relocated and Wagenborg's ferry to Schiermonnikoog departed from Lauwersoog.
With this, a large part of the activity and liveliness disappeared from the village, which was in a process of decline until the 1980s. In front of the old harbour, the Lauwersmeer now stretches out behind the Zoutkamperril. The anger about the closing off was in 2009 at the 50-year anniversary of the Lauwersmeer still so present among the population that a board member of the Fisheries Museum Zoutkamp preferred to speak of a 'commemoration' rather than a 'celebration'.
In the past, the port of Zoutkamp was very important for shrimp fishing. This led to two companies in 1900 from which the shrimp processing factory Heiploeg arose in 1950 whereby the shrimp was peeled by home workers. Due to the stricter requirements regarding hygiene that drove up labour costs, the peeling has, since 1990, mainly been done in Morocco. Heiploeg moved from the centre to a new factory outside of the village which was the largest in Europe when it came into operation.
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