In Northwest Europe, Rotterdam is the absolute leader in the throughput and storage of crude oil. The 95 to 100 million tonnes of crude oil annually entering Rotterdam are almost entirely destined for refineries in the port itself and in the Netherlands, Belgium and Germany. In addition to the import and crude oil storage, the port of Rotterdam also offers opportunities as a distribution hub for petroleum.
In Rotterdam, oil tankers unload crude oil at crude oil terminals in the Europoort and on the Maasvlakte. There, the oil is mixed to the specifications of the refineries, which is called blending. The crude oil terminals then pump the crude oil to the refineries through a network of pipelines. Half of it is transported to refineries of Shell, ExxonMobil, Gunvor Petroleum Rotterdam and Koch in the port of Rotterdam. The other half is transported to refineries in Vlissingen, Antwerp and Germany. At the refineries, the crude oil is processed into various oil products, such as petrol, diesel, LPG, fuel oil and naphtha.
                                
 
                                
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