The Earth is the third planet of the solar system, counting from the Sun. In this, she belongs to the "terrestrial planets" named after her, of which she is the largest both in mass and in volume. There is life on Earth: it is home to millions of species of organisms. Whether it is alone in this is unclear, but in the rest of the universe no traces of life have been found so far. Radiometric dating has shown that the Earth formed 4.57 billion years ago and life formed up to 1 billion years later. Since the emergence of life on Earth, the Earth's atmosphere has gradually become oxygen-rich, allowing a protective ozone layer to form and aerobic organisms to develop.
Seas and oceans make up 71% of the Earth's surface, while the rest is made up of continents and islands. Water is necessary for the survival of all known life forms.
The lithosphere, the outermost layer of the solid Earth, is divided into a number of rigid plates, which move slowly over the Earth's surface on a geological time scale (over millions of years). This movement causes the formation of mountains and volcanism. Below the lithosphere is the slowly convecting mantle. The flow in the mantle causes the movement of the plates and volcanism on the Earth's surface. Below the mantle there is a liquid outer core (in which the Earth's magnetic field is generated) and a solid inner core. This magnetic field protects life from the solar wind and cosmic radiation.
The Earth revolves around the Sun in
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