Haarlem is a city and municipality in the Netherlands and the capital of the province of North Holland. The city is situated on the river Spaarne and in the South-Kennemerland region.
Haarlem is one of the medium-sized cities in the Randstad. The municipality of Haarlem includes the city of Haarlem and the western part of the village of Spaarndam. Haarlem has 162,962 inhabitants and is after Amsterdam the largest city of North Holland and the twelfth municipality of the Netherlands. The metropolitan agglomeration of Haarlem (Haarlem, Heemstede, Bloemendaal and Zandvoort) has about 230,000 inhabitants, and the urban region of Haarlem (Zuid-Kennemerland and IJmond) more than 430,000 inhabitants.
Haarlem is mentioned for the first time in a document from the 10th century. In 1245 it received city rights from William II of Holland. By the end of the Middle Ages, Haarlem had become one of the most important cities of Holland. In the early modern period, the city developed industrially as a textile city and culturally as a painter's city.
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